Topics Covered
Introduction to the Bolted Joint
- Basic Concepts & Mechanics of Bolted Joints
- Bolt Flange Joint as a Single Mechanical System
- Importance of Distinguishing Between Bolt Load and Clamping Force
- Bolting Strength, both Elastic and Plastic Properties
- Stress Distribution within a Bolt
- Introduction to Actual Versus Ideal Loadings on a Bolt
- Combining Tensile and Shear Stresses, Both Ductile and Brittle Material
- Threading Basics
Properties Affecting In-service Conditions
- Transient Loads
- Effect of Changes in Elasticity
- Clamping Force Stability
- Nut Selection and Condition
- High and Low Temperature Operation
Stress and Strain Considerations:
- Hook’s Law and Understanding Spring Rate
- Application of Spring Rate to Evaluate Bolt Stretch
- Spring Rate(s) Inherent in the Gasketed, Bolted Flange Joint
- Introduction to Bolt Loading Diagrams
- Estimating Preload Variability
- Understanding the Importance of Load Factor
Gasket Behavior, Selection and Specification
- Introduction to the Concept of PVRC Leak-Tightness Prediction
- Room Only Temperature Testing, the Basis of a, Gb and Gs
- Historical Perspective on the Evolution of Leak-Tightness Predictability
- How to Evaluate the Leak Tightness Parameter, TPmin
- The Meaning of Leak Tightness Class
- Gasket Limits
- Gasket Selection Criteria
- Understanding Gasket Blowout and How to Prevent it
Introduction to Assembly and Clamping Force
- How to Evaluate Torque, Short and Long Form Equations
- Understand Nut Factor and its Potential Variability
- Real-world Challenges to Getting and Maintaining Preload
- Bolting Procedures and Why No-Nut-Movement can be so Important
- Preload Methods; Hydraulic, Stretch, Turn-of nut and Ultrasonic
ASME PCC-1 Guidelines
- Scope
- Assembly; Bolting Specialist Training Program
- Conditional Assessment of Equipment; Damage and Alignment Requirements
- Tightening Procedures
- Important Terms
- Record Keeping
Understanding & Preventing Gasket Failure
- Excessive Bolt Loading
- Uneven Bolt Loading
- Corrosion
- Galling
- Self-Loosening
- Fatigue
- Basic Cause Investigation
Joint Calculation Methods
- ASME Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 2
- EN 1591-1 Flange Analysis
- Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
- Importance of Component Elasticity in Creating Gasket Stress Distribution
- Pressure Vessel Research Council Leak Tightness Evaluation and Use
- ASME BFJ Leak-tightness Based Flange Design … future considerations